## Rendering

In [Menu > File > Rendering], the built-in renderer produces a higher quality image than the preview, and outputs the rendered result to an image file.

### Rendering method

Specifies an algorithm used for rendering.

Scanline | Ray tracing | Path tracing

Scanline | It runs the fastest, but it does not represent reflections, refractions or shadows.
Ray tracing | Reflections, refractions and shadows can be expressed.
Path tracing (PBR) | The physically based algorithm accurately calculates the mutual reflection of light between objects, and can represent soft shadows. It is the highest quality, but it takes time to get a clear result with less noise.

### Size

Width/Height | Specifies the width and height of the rendered image. Can also be specified from the presets. (Standard edition) Resolution is limited to a maximum of 4096 x 4096 in [Scanline] or [Ray tracing], and 1280 x 720 in [Path tracing]. (EX edition) You can specify up to 16384 x 16384.
Anti-alias | Calculations are performed in sub-pixel units finer than 1 pixel to reduce the appearance of jaggedness near the edges of objects. Anti-aliasing is always used in path tracing.
No anti-alias | Anti-alias
Bk.color | Specifies the color of the empty space outside the object. In path tracing, the background color is also used as the light source for the entire scene. But, the background color is not applied if an environment map is specified.

### Effect

The items that can be set for scanline/ray tracing and path tracing are different.

Toon | Specifies whether or not to display contour lines around the border of the object. This setting is not available for path tracing.
Edge wd. | Specifies the width of the contour line to be displayed near the border of the object when applying the toon.
Quality | Specify the image quality from four levels. The higher the quality, the lower the noise, but it will take some time to complete rendering. This setting is available only for path tracing.
Denoise | Noise reduction is performed as post-processing to reduce the roughness characteristic of path tracing. Even with a low [Quality] setting, it is possible to obtain results with little noise, but the details may become blurred.
None | Denoised
In the selection column, you can select from "None", "On end", and "Always" to specify at which stage the process is performed. When [Always], you can check the denoising result even during the rendering process, but it will take extra time to complete the rendering because the process is performed every time the display is refreshed. This setting is available only for path tracing, and is not available for Windows 32bit version.
Exposure | Adjusts the lightness or darkness of the rendered result. It can be also changed after rendering. The exposure will not be applied when a HDR file is saved. Can only be set in path tracing.
Bokeh | It blurs objects in front of and behind the focal point. It is also called "depth of field". The center of rotation is where the focus is best.
F-stop | This specifies the amount of bokeh when bokeh is enabled. The smaller the f-stop makes the larger the bokeh amount. This corresponds to the aperture of a camera, but unlike an actual camera, the amount of exposure does not change.

### Rendering

Rendering | Start rendering.
Stop | Ends the process in the middle of rendering with path tracing. You can stop the process midway and still save it to a file, so you can save time by stopping when the noise is low enough.
Save a file | Saves the rendering result to an image file. Depending on the file format, "Alpha Channel" and "HDR Save" can be specified. (only EX edition) HDR save is supported by EX edition only.
Send to clipboard | You can transfer the rendering result to the clipboard, and paste the image into other image processing software, etc.
<- | Compactify the [Rendering] window by hiding the settings field. This is useful for other tasks such as modeling or adjusting materials while rendering as a background process.